What structured data actually does
Structured data is a block of machine-readable JSON in the page head describing what the page is: an article with this headline and author, a recipe taking this long, a product at this price.
Search engines use it to show richer results — star ratings, cook times, FAQ dropdowns, job listings. It does not change how your page looks to visitors, and it does not directly improve rankings; it makes a page eligible for result formats it otherwise could not appear in.
Each type in the picker says what it gets you, so you can choose by outcome rather than by vocabulary.
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